In order to understand the difference well, let's first see what is fruit and what is vegetable.
Fruit
The fruits or fruits are those parts of the plants that contain the seeds and that are formed from the flowers, once these are fertilized, by the pollen of another flower or of the same one. The fruits are usually bulky and have striking colors such as yellow, purple or red, although many can also be green and other more muted colors. They usually have a bittersweet taste and are eaten raw as a dessert, although they are also used in the kitchen to give flavor. The apple, pear, orange, quince, etc. are clear examples of fruit.
Vegetable
As the name suggests, vegetables are usually green and, generally, when we talk about vegetables we refer to the whole plant (for example lettuce) or also to its leaves, stems, etc., in short, the edible part. Vegetables do not usually have the bittersweet taste of fruits and, in general, have a less juicy consistency. Lettuce, chard, spinach, cabbage, leeks, celery, etc. are clear examples of vegetables.
The garlic, the onion, and beet greens are also considered, although it can consume both the blade and the bulb, which is usually not green. The peas, beans, beans, and other legumes, are considered vegetables, since many of them are usually consumed young pods, but in fact are the fruits pods containing seeds. The vegetables are usually consumed raw in a salad or, in most cases, cooked as a main dish or accompaniment.
And the pepper?
Although what we eat of the pepper is the fruit, with its seeds inside, and it is not green, at least when it is ripe, it is considered a vegetable or, rather, a vegetable.
Confusing, right?
This confusion is due to the clash between two ways of speaking, one more technical or botanical, and another more colloquial. The latter uses the same words but without their true botanical meaning.
The truth is that differentiating between fruits and vegetables is not the most appropriate and leads to many confusions, so it is better to talk about fruits and vegetables, fruits being the food produced by trees and shrubs (which are almost always woody plants), and vegetables everything else (produced by non-woody plants).
A trick that never fails
To clarify things a bit is to ask the following question: would I take it as a plant and eat it directly after washing or peeling it? If the answer is "yes", we are facing a fruit, while if the answer is "no", we are facing a vegetable or a vegetable.
Although, like any good rule, it has exceptions, since some fruits, such as persimmon, need to go through a forced maturation process, otherwise it has a very bad taste and we would not eat them directly from the tree.
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